quinta-feira, 24 de abril de 2014

Datatypes limits no oracle 11G

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28320/limits001.htm#i287903


Datatype Limits

DatatypesLimitComments
BFILEMaximum size: 4 GB
Maximum size of a file name: 255 characters
Maximum size of a directory name: 30 characters
Maximum number of open BFILEs: see Comments
The maximum number of BFILEs is limited by the value of theSESSION_MAX_OPEN_FILES initialization parameter, which is itself limited by the maximum number of open files the operating system will allow.
BLOBMaximum size: (4 GB - 1) * DB_BLOCK_SIZEinitialization parameter (8 TB to 128 TB)The number of LOB columns per table is limited only by the maximum number of columns per table (that is, 1000Foot 1 ).
CHARMaximum size: 2000 bytesNone
CHAR VARYINGMaximum size: 4000 bytesNone
CLOBMaximum size: (4 GB - 1) * DB_BLOCK_SIZEinitialization parameter (8 TB to 128 TB)The number of LOB columns per table is limited only by the maximum number of columns per table (that is, 1000Footref 1).
Literals (characters or numbers in SQL or PL/SQL)Maximum size: 4000 charactersNone
LONGMaximum size: 2 GB - 1Only one LONG column is allowed per table.
NCHARMaximum size: 2000 bytesNone
NCHAR VARYINGMaximum size: 4000 bytesNone
NCLOBMaximum size: (4 GB - 1) * DB_BLOCK_SIZEinitialization parameter (8 TB to 128 TB)The number of LOB columns per table is limited only by the maximum number of columns per table (that is, 1000Footref 1).
NUMBER999...(38 9's) x10125 maximum value
-999...(38 9's) x10125 minimum value
Can be represented to full 38-digit precision (the mantissa)
Can be represented to full 38-digit precision (the mantissa)
Precision38 significant digitsNone
RAWMaximum size: 2000 bytesNone
VARCHARMaximum size: 4000 bytesNone
VARCHAR2Maximum size: 4000 bytesNone

sábado, 19 de abril de 2014

Usuários - Criação e alteração

http://ss64.com/ora/user_c.html


*************************************************************
--  VERIFICAR QUAIS SÃO OS USUÁRIOS DO SISTEMA
*************************************************************
todos
SELECT USERNAME, created,account_status FROM DBA_USERS;

por usuário
SELECT USERNAME, created, account_status,FROM DBA_USERS WHERE lower (USERNAME)LIKE ‘USER%‘;

*************************************************************
-- CRIAÇÃO
*************************************************************

create USER nome_do_user identified by password;

lockar, deslocar
alter user nome_do_user ACCOUNT UNLOCK /LOCK;
ALTER user username password EXPIRE  -> forçar alteração de senha

OPÇÕES DE CRIAÇÃO

Syntax:

   CREATE USER username
      IDENTIFIED {BY password | EXTERNALLY | GLOBALLY AS 'external_name'}
         options;

options:
 
   DEFAULT TABLESPACE tablespace
   TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tablespace
   QUOTA int {K | M} ON tablespace
   QUOTA UNLIMITED ON tablespace
   PROFILE profile_name
   PASSWORD EXPIRE
   ACCOUNT {LOCK|UNLOCK}


*************************************************************
ATIVAÇÃO
*************************************************************

ALTER user username account lock
ALTER user username account unlock


*************************************************************
---VERIFICAR COTAS E TABLESPACES:
*************************************************************

set linesize 128
SELECT USERNAME, DEFAULT_TABLESPACE,TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE FROM DBA_USERS WHERE lower(USERNAME) LIKE 'USER%'
SELECT USERNAME, DEFAULT_TABLESPACE,TEMPORARY_TABLESPACE FROM DBA_USERS WHERE lower(USERNAME) LIKE 'scott%';

ALTERAR TABLESPACE
ALTER USER USERNAME TEMPORARY |DEFAULT  TABLESPACE tablespace_name


*************************************************************
--COTAS
*************************************************************

ALTERAR A COTA
ALTER USER nome_do_user quota tamanho_da_cota on nome_tablespace
alter user scott quota 10m on users;
alter user scott quota unlimited on example;

CHECAR COTA
select tablespace_name,bytes,max_bytes from dba_ts_quotas where username='nome_do_user';
select tablespace_name,bytes,max_bytes from dba_ts_quotas where username='GTORRES';

TABLESPACES PADRÃO DO BANCO
SELECT property_name , property_value from database_properties WHERE property_name like'%TABLESPACE';


*************************************************************
---  AUTENTICAÇÃO
*************************************************************

connect username/password@db_alias as privilegio
conn sys/oracle@orcl as sysdba

CHECAR OS PRIVILEGIOS SYSDBA E SYSOPER checar a view V$PWFILE_USERS
select *from V$PWFILE_USERS;

CHECAR AUTENTICAÇÃO PELO SO 
select value from v$parameter where name='os_authent_prefix';


CRIANDO  um user com autenticação pelo SO -> inserir o valor padrão ops$ antes do nome criado e após o parametro identified externally
NO Unix, qualquer usuário criado dessa maneira será capaz de emitir o comando sqlplus /
create user ops$nome_user indentified externally;

no windows:
create user "OPS$DOMINIO_DA_MAQUINA\USER_DO_SO" identified externally;


*************************************************************
-- GRANTS
*************************************************************

grant privilegio to user
revoke privilegio from user
ex:
GRANT select any table to username
GRANT CREATE SESSION to username
GRANT ROLE_NAME TO USER_NAME with admin option
GRANT privilegio on schema.user object to username
GRANT privilegio on schema.user object to username with GRANT option
GRANT privilegio on schema.user object to username with ADMIN option
grant all on schema.user to ROLE_NAME

checando privilégios
select *from dba_role_privs where grantee ='JON';


DROPANDO

DROP USER SchemaOwner CASCADE;

CREATE USER MySchemaOwner IDENTIFIED BY ChangeThis
       DEFAULT TABLESPACE data  
       TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp
       QUOTA UNLIMITED ON data;

CREATE ROLE conn;

GRANT CREATE session, CREATE table, CREATE view, 
      CREATE procedure,CREATE synonym,
      ALTER table, ALTER view, ALTER procedure,ALTER synonym,
      DROP table, DROP view, DROP procedure,DROP synonym,
      TO conn;

GRANT conn TO SchemaOwner;




quarta-feira, 9 de abril de 2014

TABLESPACES

criação - pag 261 - 265
sintaxes:
http://ss64.com/ora/tablespace_c.html

http://docs.oracle.com/cd/B28359_01/server.111/b28286/statements_7003.htm#SQLRF01403

Sintaxe criação

create TABLESPACE nome_tablespace
DATAFILE 'CAMINHO_DATAFILE\NOME_DATAFILE_1.DBF' size 1G (m|g|t) --EXEMPLO 'C:\ORADATA\GLTABS\_01.DBF'
'CAMINHO_DATAFILE\NOME_DATAFILE_2.DBF' size 1G
extent management local uniform size 5120k;



----------------------
COM FLASHBACK
----------------------


CREATE TABLESPACE APPL_DATA
DATAFILE ‘/disk3/oradata/DB01/appl_data01.dbf’
SIZE 100M
DEFAULT STORAGE COMPRESS
BLOCKSIZE 16K
LOGGING
ONLINE
FORCE LOGGING
FLASHBACK ON
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT AUTO;

CREATE TABLESPACE ts_myapp DATAFILE
'/data/ts_myapp01.dbf' SIZE 200M,
'/data/ts_myapp02.dbf' SIZE 500M
logging
autoextend off
extent management local;



----------------------
UNDO TABLESPACE
----------------------


 -> CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE nome_tablespace_undo01  

datafile  '/data/ts_undo01.dbf' SIZE 50000M REUSE
autoextend on
RETENTION NOGUARANTEE | RETENTION GUARANTEE;

-> CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE ts_undo01 DATAFILE
'/data/ts_undo01.dbf' SIZE 50000M REUSE
autoextend on
RETENTION NOGUARANTEE;



------------------------------------------------------------
CRIANDO Bigfile and Smallfile Tablespaces

CREATE BIGFILE TABLESPACE PO_ARCHIVE
DATAFILE ‘/u02/oradata/11GR11/po_archive.dbf’ size 25G;

CREATE SMALLFILE TABLESPACE PO_DETAILS
DATAFILE ‘/u02/oradata/11GR11/po_details.dbf’ size 2G
;


----------------------------------------------------------------------------------

TRABALHANDO COM OMF
 

ALTER SYSTEM SET
db_create_file_dest = ‘/u02/oradata/’ SCOPE=BOTH;
When creating a tablespace using the OMF feature, you simply omit the filename:
CREATE TABLESPACE hr_data;
exemplo:
alter system set DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST ='/home/db11g/oradata';


ou alterar nos parametros:

DB_CREATE_FILE_DEST
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_1
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_2
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_3
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_4
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_5
DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

********************************************************************************************

ALTERAÇÃO - Sequencia

1 -INVESTIGAR O CAMINHO - Usar as views

todas - V$TABLESPACE
views - temp -> v$tempfile  e dba_temp_files
datafiles ->v$datafile e dba_data_files , DBA_SEGMENTS
DBA_DATA_FILES
DBA_TABLESPACES
USER_TABLESPACES
DBA_TEMP_FILES
DBA_TS_QUOTAS
USER_TS_QUOTAS



Steps 

1 -  > criar a tablespace
create smallfile tablespace newts
datafile 'C:\oracle\app\oradata\orcl\newsts01.dbf'
size 100m autoextend on next 10m maxsize 200m
logging
extent management local
segment space management auto
default nocompress;


2 - -> renomear a tablespace
ALTER TABLESPACE tablespaceOLDname RENAME TO tablespaceNEWname;
ALTER TABLESPACE newts RENAME TO newts02;


3 - -> colocar  a nova tablespace offline
ALTER TABLESPACE  newts02 OFFLINE;


4 - -> renomear os datafiles no SO
host rename CAMINHO_OLD_DATAFILE\NOME_OLD_DATAFILE_.DBF NOME_NEW_DATAFILE.DBF 
host rename C:\oracle\app\oradata\orcl\newsts01.dbf newsts02.dbf;


5 - -> ALTERAR no banco o antigo datafile

ALTER DATABASE rename file 'C:\oracle\app\oradata\orcl\newsts01.dbf'
TO 'C:\oracle\app\oradata\orcl\newsts02.dbf';


6 - ->  Colocar a tablespace online
ALTER TABLESPACE  tablespaceNEWname ONLINE;
ALTER TABLESPACE  newts02 ONLINE;

7 - Checando
obs: @dba_tablespaces

ou usar a query

select substr(a.tablespace_name,1,20) "Tablespaces",
(b.BYTES/1048576) as "TotalMB",
(b.BYTES/1048576)-(c.BYTES/1048576) as "UsedMB",
(c.BYTES/1048576) as "FreeMB"
from dba_tablespaces a,
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) as "BYTES" 
from dba_data_files 
group by tablespace_name ) b,
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) as "BYTES" 
from dba_free_space 
group by tablespace_name) c
where
a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name(+)
and b.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name(+)
order by a.tablespace_name;


Dropando

drop tablespace newts02 including contents and datafiles;


****************************************************************************

MARCAR COMO LEITURA- GRAVAÇÃO OU SOMENTE LEITURA

para somente LEITURA -> ALTER TABLESPACE NOME_TABLESPACE read only
para ler e gravar             -> ALTER TABLESPACE NOME_TABLESPACE read write

PARA REDIMENSIONAR O DATAFILE
sintaxe - ALTER DATABASE TIPO_DO_DATAFILE  NOME_DO_DATAFILE RESIZE M|g|t

-> ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'C:\oracle\app\oradata\orcl\newsts02.dbf' resize 10m;
 

ALTER DATABASE DATAFILE 'C:\oracle\app\oradata\orcl\newsts02.dbf' resize 10m;
autoextend on next 100m maxsize 4G ;   ---- Não esquecer de botar o limite máximo, neste exemplo é 4G


---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
PARA ADICIONAR DATAFILE

ALTER TABLESPACE NOME_TABLESPACE
add datafile 'caminho_e_nome.dbf' size M|g|t ;


exemplo ->
ALTER TABLESPACE gl_large_tabs
add datafile 'C:\oracle\app\oradata\orcl\newsts02.dbf' size 2g ;


no Linux
alter tablespace nome_tablespace add datafile 

'/dev/vx/rdsk/oracledg/db_name_data02.dbf' size 6001m



---------------------------------------------------------------------------------


GERENCIANDO ESPAÇOS
OBS: PARA AUMENTAR  TABLESPACE - SE ADICIONA DATAFILES - ADD DATAFILE

exemplo ->
ALTER TABLESPACE gl_large_tabs
add datafile 'C:\oracle\app\oradata\orcl\newsts02.dbf' size 2g ;


PARA AUMENTAR SEGMENTOS ( DENTRO DA TABLESPACE )  - SE ALOCA EXTENSÕES - allocate extent
-- >  alter table newtabs allocate extent;

E DENTRO DOS SEGMENTOS, são aumentadas as linhas

-----------------------------------------------------------------------


CONVERTENDO GERENCIAMENTO POR DICIONÁRIO PARA LOCAL (O IDEAL):


OBS: para criar uma com gerenciamento manual (não e´o ideal - pag 275)
-> create tablespace NOME_TABLESPACE SEGMENT SPACE MANAGEMENT LOCAL

1 - verificar pelas querys se há tablespace com gerenciamento local:
select tablespace_name, extent management from dba_tablespaces;
select tablespace_name, segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces;


    Checar pelo nome da tablespace: 

  -> select segment_space_management from dba_tablespaces where tablespace_name='NOME_TABLESPACE'

2 - para converter para auto:
execute dbms_space_admin.tablespace_migrate_to local('tablespace_name')

Para alterar o TRESHOLD NO EM: tablespace / edit tablespace /TRESHOLD


**********************************************************************************************

PARA MOVER SEGMENTOS:

ALTER  tipo_de segmento nome_do_segmento  MOVE TABLESPACE nome_TABLESPACE_ANTIGA
tipo_de segmento nome_do_segmento MOVE  nome_TABLESPACE_NOVA;
->
 ALTER table mantab MOVE TABLESPACE autosalter table mantab MOVE TABLESPACE autosegs;


Se tiver indices, fazer o rebuild
alter index mantabi rebuild ONLINE TABLESPACE autosegs;s;

CONFIRMAR SE ESTÃO NA TABLESPACE correta
-> select tablespace_name from DBA_SEGMENTS WHERE SEGMENT_NAME LIKE 'MANTAB%'  

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Querys importantes:


Aumento de Tablespace

select SUM(bytes/1024/1024/1024) from dba_free_space where tablespace_name = 'APPS_TS_TX_DATA';


 
---> verificar tamanho de uma tablespace

select file_name, bytes/1024/1024/1024 from dba_data_files where tablespace_name = 'USERS' order by file_name;
---> verificar qual o ultimo dbf para adicionar


Informações das tablespaces - Oracle

select substr(a.tablespace_name,1,20) "Tablespaces",
(b.BYTES/1048576) as "TotalMB",
(b.BYTES/1048576)-(c.BYTES/1048576) as "UsedMB",
(c.BYTES/1048576) as "FreeMB"
from dba_tablespaces a,
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) as "BYTES"
from dba_data_files
group by tablespace_name ) b,
(select tablespace_name,sum(bytes) as "BYTES"
from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name) c
where
a.tablespace_name = b.tablespace_name(+)
and b.tablespace_name = c.tablespace_name(+)
order by a.tablespace_name;



Ver tablespaces com menos de 20% livre

COL tbs FORMAT a25
COL total(mb) FORMAT 999,990.00
COL livre(mb) FORMAT 999,990.00
COL livre(%) FORMAT 990.00
select instance_name,host_name,to_char(sysdate,'dd/mm/yy hh24:mi') from v$instance;
SELECT DISTINCT d.tablespace_name "NOME DA TABLESPACE",t.total "TOTAL(MB)", NVL(f.livre,0) "LIVRE(MB)", (NVL(f.livre,0)*100/t.total) "LIVRE(%)"
FROM dba_data_files d,
     (SELECT tablespace_name ,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 total FROM dba_data_files GROUP BY tablespace_name) t,
     (SELECT tablespace_name ,sum(bytes)/1024/1024 livre FROM dba_free_space GROUP BY  tablespace_name) f
WHERE d.tablespace_name =t.tablespace_name
AND   d.tablespace_name = f.tablespace_name(+)
AND (NVL(f.livre,0)*100/t.total) <= 20
ORDER BY 4 DESC;



Listar os datafiles das tablespaces

COL tablespace_name FORMAT a15
COL file_name FORMAT a45
COL size_mb FORMAT 999,990.00
COL autoextensible  FORMAT a5

select df.tablespace_name, df.file_name, df.bytes/1024/1024 size_mb, df.status, df.autoextensible
from dba_data_files df
where df.tablespace_name='&tablespace_name';



Adicionar espaço na tablespace
Resize: alter database datafile '/oracle/oradata/nome_datafile.dbf' resize  8192 m

Create:  alter tablespace nome_tablespace add datafile '/dev/vx/rdsk/oracledg/db_name_data02.dbf' size 6001m


Script para adição de um novo data file em dada tablespace.

SQL> alter tablespace nome_tablespace
 add datafile '/oracle/SID/sapdata2/btabi_10/btabi.data10' size 1024064K
 autoextend on
 next 1024064K
 maxsize 16777280K;



#tablespace de undo#
CREATE UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS DATAFILE
'c:\oracle9i\treino9i\UNDOTBS.dbf' SIZE 350M


#Criar tablespace temp#
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE teste DATAFILE
'/proj/ebsdsgev/oradata/teste.dbf' SIZE 1024M
DEFAULT STORAGE (INITIAL 1024 K NEXT 1024 K
MAXEXTENTS unlimited PCTINCREASE 0);


#Criar tablespace TMP#
CREATE TEMPORARY TABLESPACE TEMP3
   TEMPFILE '/proj/ebsdsgev/oradata/temp03.dbf'
    SIZE 1024M AUTOEXTEND ON;


#apagar tablespace#
DROP TABLESPACE temp2 INCLUDING CONTENTS AND DATAFILES;


#Ver qual tablespace esta como temp#
select PROPERTY_NAME, PROPERTY_VALUE from database_properties where PROPERTY_NAME like '%TABLESPACE%';


Obrigado ao meu amigo Bruno Pelegrini pelas dicas

restore total de banco